COLLABORATIVE LEARNING

v  Meaning of Collaborative Learning

-          John Myers (1991) refers to a dictionary to clarify the definition of collaborative that comes from a word with the meaning that emphasizing of cooperation process, while the word of cooperative is more focus on cooperation product.

-          Collaborative learning can be defined as a philosophy of learning that allows students to work together, building each other, learn and change together, and move forward together as well.

v  Advantages Collaborative Learning

           The results showed the superiority of collaborative learning, which can elevate the results of individual and group learning that is more directed at the metacognitive, the emergence of new ideas and problem-solving approach that is being discussed. In addition, the class who managed collaboratively more motivated, have an inquisitive nature, a feeling of helping others, compete in a healthy and work individually more focused.

v  There are five basic elements to a group of collaborative learning:

1. Positive interdependence

2. Direct interaction with other students

3. Individual responsibility

4. Collaboration skills

5. The effectiveness of the group.

v  Characteristics of Collaborative Class

-    Sharing some informations between students and teacher

-    Distribution of rights

-    Teacher as an intermediary

-    Heterogeneous groups of students

v  The Role of Teacher in a Collaborative Classroom

-    Facilitator

-    Controller of class

-    Giving a task to students

-    Management in class

v  Kinds of Collaborative Learning

There are many kinds of collaborative learning that have been developed by experts and practitioners of education, especially by experts Student Team Learning at John Hopkins University. But only about ten kinds are gaining widespread attention, namely:

-          Learning together (Johnson – Johnson, mid 1960s)

-          Teams-Games-Tournaments (Devries - Edwards, early 1970s)

-          Group Investigation (Sharan – Sharan, mid 1970s)

-          Constructive Controversi (Johnson – Johnson, mid 1970s)

-          Jigsaw Procedure (Aronson – Associates, late 1970s)

-          Student Teams Achievement Divisions (Slavin – Associates, late 1970s)

-          Complex Instruction (Cohen, early 1980s)

-          Team Accelerated Instruction (Slavin – Associates, early 1980s)

-          Cooperative Learning Structure (Kagan, mid 1980s)

-          Cooperative Integrated Reading & Composition (Stevens & Slavin – Associates, late 1980s)

v  Conclusion

-       Collaborative learning easier for students to learn and work together, each contributing ideas and be responsible for the achievement of learning outcomes on a group or individual.

-       This philosophy is needed of today's global world. When different people can learn to  work together in the classroom, in the future they would be expected to be better citizens for the nation and country, even for the whole world. It would be easier for them to interact positively with people of different patterns of thought, not only in the local scale, but also in national and even world scale.